It is an active LOW pin, it will make all the output state LOW. In case of LOW state on pin 4, there won’t be any output. It is used to make all the output pins HIGH to test all the 7-segment led. Pin 2 represents the second bit of 4-bit input data of the IC. IC 74LS48 has 4 input pins and Pin 1 represents the third bit of 4-bit input data of the IC. It is only used to control common cathode 7-Segments. The IC is a TTL based device, which allows it to be controlled by any TTL device or microcontroller. The IC has 4 input pins which make a total of 16 combinations but the first 10 combinations used to generate the output on 7-segment and the rest of them will be considered as invalid states. The output pins generate two BCD digits in single output, which makes a single number on 7-segment. These all gates combination makes the IC with 4 input and 7 output pins. It has 17 AND gate, 4 NOR gate, 6 NOT gates, and 8 NAND gate. To do the special pattern we could use logic gates, but an IC 74LS48 can also be used to control the 7-segments. Every time to make a single number some specific pins should have power input. Each 7-Segment has seven input pins to light up a single led in the seven segments. The 7-Segment is a small seven LED-based device use to represent a single numeric value from 0 to 9. 74LS48 is a BCD to seven segments decoder that is used to display numbers decoded in binary coded decimal format.
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